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武汉发现“黄金蜈蚣”,记者亲测被咬,唾液能止痛

  • 2026-10-08 19:58:43
武汉发现“黄金蜈蚣”,记者亲测被咬,唾液能止痛
5月23日，武汉一位农户在黄陂山区意外发现一条通体暗金色的蜈蚣。这条“黄金蜈蚣”，很快勾起了周围人的好奇心。
据长江日报报道，24日，记者就此请教中国中医科学院中药资源中心副研究员、有“蜈蚣博士”之称的蒋超，经他鉴定：这只蜈蚣其实是武汉本地十分常见的少棘蜈蚣，只是在发育过程中发生了罕见的“白化”变异。这类变异个体在自然界并不多见。
普通少棘蜈蚣有着“红头、黑身、黄足”的典型特征：头部呈金黄色，躯体多为墨绿或暗绿色，足部为黄色，成体体长多在11至14厘米。此次发现的变异个体除颜色特殊外，性情也较为温顺，放在手上也没有过激反应，透着几分“呆萌”。
“白化”，是不是环境异常导致的？蒋超解释，白化变异是动物界的自然现象，此前引发关注的白化大熊猫就是同款变异。主流观点认为，这是个体自身色素合成基因发生偶然变异导致，并不是环境恶化的信号。反而在生态环境良好、生物多样性丰富的区域，因为生境复杂、食物网多元，给不同的遗传变异提供了更多生存空间，观测到这类颜色变异个体的概率会更高。
武汉马鞍山森林公园发现湖北新物种——楚地蜈蚣，身体同样也是暗金色。 钟菁 摄
值得一提的是，在武汉发现并命名的本土新物种——楚地蜈蚣，本身也带有暗金色外观：这种名副其实的“百足之虫”拥有49对步足，个体小巧纤细，成体体长仅5至7厘米，毒性较弱，不会主动攻击人类；头部和前肢为深红色，其余躯体呈暗金色。
近期武汉持续多雨，阴雨天气倒逼一些蛇虫离开原有栖息地外出活动，市民偶遇蜈蚣的概率有所上升。蒋超提醒大家，武汉地区常见蜈蚣毒性普遍较弱，公众无需过度恐慌。蜈蚣头部下方的颚足是其注入毒液的器官，野外遇到蜈蚣不用刻意扑杀，只要保持距离不主动招惹即可；如果蜈蚣偶然进入家中，可借助硬纸板、纸盒轻轻将其引导至室外，只要不被颚足刺伤就是安全的。
万一不慎被蜈蚣咬伤，通常只会出现局部红肿、疼痛，极少引发严重的全身反应；伤者可用温和、流动的清水冲洗伤口，一般2～3天即可自然消肿；如果痛感强烈，或者出现过敏反应，只要有不适就需及时就医。
此前，长江日报记者在专业人士指导下，体验了被少棘蜈蚣咬伤，仅在伤处出现肿胀、疼痛；以唾液涂抹能减少痛感，三天后痛感基本消退，身体无明显不适，可以正常工作。
WRITER/文字 · 长江日报记者金文兵 实习生肖立敏捷
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