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武汉胜像宝塔

  • 2026-10-08 19:48:16
武汉胜像宝塔
胜像宝塔位于湖北省武汉市武昌区民主路56号黄鹤楼公园内，始建于元至正三年（1343）。胜像宝塔色泽白润，古朴雅致，是武汉市现存唯一一座喇嘛式白塔，为研究历史文化名城武汉的元末明初的历史和宗教提供了重要的实物资料。2013年，胜像宝塔被国务院公布为第七批全国重点文物保护单位。
胜像宝塔
国保碑
元至正三年（1343），坐镇武昌的威顺王宽彻普化的世子在黄鹄矶头黄鹤楼故址前建立胜像宝塔，用于供奉舍利和安藏佛教法物。明清两代，胜像宝塔与黄鹤楼均立于蛇山旧城墙上，塔楼并存。清光绪十年（1884），黄鹤楼遭火灾焚毁，但塔仍存。胜像宝塔前原建有一座石牌坊，坊额横书“胜像宝塔”四字，上款为“威顺王太子建”六字，下款为“大元至正”四字。牌坊于清末因新军修炮楼而拆毁。1955年修建武汉长江大桥时，胜像宝塔拆迁至蛇山西部、京广铁路跨线桥旁。拆迁胜像宝塔时，在塔的南面发现有石牌坊的柱础。此外，在塔内部靠近塔心木柱洞处，发现一个横置石经幢，高约1米，圆形底座，八角形幢身，顶部刻有莲花纹饰。塔室内还发现一个密封铜瓶。瓶底呈凹形，刻有双勾字两行“洪武二十七年岁在甲戌九月乙卯谨志”。瓶腹刻有“如来宝塔，奉安舍利，国泰民安，永承佛庇”。1984年，黄鹤楼重建时迁至此地，恢复了旧时塔与楼的相伴景观。
光绪六年（1880）的黄鹤楼与胜像宝塔
民国二十六年（1937）的胜像宝塔
移位重建后的黄鹤楼与胜像宝塔
胜像宝塔高9.36米，座宽5.68米，采用外石内砖方式砌筑，以石为主，内部塔室使用了少量的砖。外观分作塔座、塔身、相轮、伞盖、宝顶五部分。塔座层叠收缩，刻有花纹和梵文。塔身内收外展，整体造型自下而上逐渐收缩，呈现覆钵状，光面无纹。其上为十三层相轮，层层收缩。相轮之上雕刻仰莲承托伞盖。宝顶形似宝瓶，上立宝珠，为合金制作。胜像宝塔遒健自然，整体造型由基座向上逐渐收缩，尺度愈缩愈小，其轮廓线条大体呈三角形，庄重持稳，端庄大方。
胜像宝塔俯瞰
塔座
塔座局部
相轮与伞盖、宝顶
伞盖、宝顶
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